The resounding boom, shimmering lights, and joyous atmosphere often associated with the festival have long been tied to the use of firecrackers. Especially in a country like Nepal, tinted with vibrant colours of festivals, fireworks are seen as an essential part of the second biggest festival of Hindus, Tihar. However, as times change, so do our perceptions and practices surrounding these age-old celebratory items.

A recent survey conducted in our school** showed that 85.6% of respondents used firecrackers, especially during Tihar, and 14.4% abstained from their use entirely. In a community where fireworks are tied with cultural and traditional roles, it is interesting to note that 66.7% actually believed it held cultural importance. In contrast, 33.3% no longer viewed firecrackers as culturally significant, suggesting a shift in tradition or cultural practices. Likewise, among the usage of firecrackers, skyrockets, sparklers, Catherine wheels, red thunder firecrackers, and various other types of firecrackers were commonly used, indicating the diverse range employed in celebrations.

Regarding safety, a substantial percentage [93.3%]  emphasised the importance of proper handling. Measures such as buying from reliable sources, adhering to local laws, disposing of the used fireworks properly, designating a responsible adult, and keeping pets indoors were widely recognized. Moreover, 63.3% confirmed the existence of local regulations, and 55.2% followed safety guidelines diligently.

Additionally, an overwhelming 93.3% recognized the environmental impact of firecrackers, aligning with the growing concern for pollution. However, there seemed to be a discrepancy in their disposal, with only 60% claiming to dispose of used firecrackers properly. Some acknowledged the challenge of managing the waste generated by firecrackers and its effects on animals, wildlife, and pets [93.3%]. Similarly, a resounding 90% believed that encouraging alternatives to firecrackers was essential, emphasising the need for eco-friendly celebratory practices. However, there seemed to be a lack of knowledge regarding its alternatives with only a few measures including encouraging lightning diyo instead of fireworks during Tihar, light displays, etc.

Digging into the potential mishaps and their impact on the community, several respondents shared personal experiences of mishaps, illustrating the potential dangers associated with these celebratory items. Unexpected or unwanted usage of firecrackers caused disturbance and fear, impacting both humans and animals negatively.
“It was 4 years ago when me and my friends along with my brother were buying firecrackers and we decided to light them up at once on a busy road near our house. While lighting up the firecrackers, it all exploded and burst out everywhere on the road. People were feeling uncomfortable so they eventually found out that it had been done by us and we got scolded.” Mr. Prasisya Parajuli, one of the respondents shared his incident of using fireworks on public roads.

Consequently, the best measure to balance the usage of firecrackers in an ameliorated way seems to be the emphasis on education and awareness campaigns regarding firecracker safety and responsible usage with the resounding agreement of 98.9% of respondents reckoning its urgency and impacts. Such initiatives could aid in minimising accidents and reducing  environmental pollution, highlighting the need for responsible celebration practices.

Lastly, there's a noticeable change in public opinion and perception regarding firecrackers. The increasing discussions around the environmental impacts and health risks of firecrackers have led to a societal shift in attitudes towards their use. 

In conclusion, the use of firecrackers remains a complex issue, blending tradition, joy, and environmental considerations. As society evolves, it's crucial to ensure festivities bring joy without jeopardising the safety or the environment with a balance of tradition, safety, and environmental awareness fostering a more mindful celebration.


** A survey conducted among 90 students of grade 9 and 10 regarding their views on fireworks and their usage.